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Appendix

The list below is taken from the University of Worcester's "Principles for course design: Guide to writing learning outcomes and developing assessment criteria". Keep it to hand when you are writing learning objectives and outcomes in English and when you need to be precise about exactly what skills will be assessed in exams and coursework.

List of verbs

Verbs giving evidence of knowing

Define, describe, identify, label, list, name, outline, reproduce, recall, select, state, present, extract, organise, recount, write, measure, relate, match, record.

Verbs giving evidence of comprehension

Interpret, translate, estimate, justify, clarify, defend, distinguish, explain, generalise, exemplify, infer, predict, rewrite, summarise, discuss, perform, report, present, indicate, find, represent, formulate, contrast, classify, express, compare, recognise.

Verbs giving evidence of application of knowledge or understanding

Apply, solve, demonstrate, change, compute, manipulate, use, employ, modify, operate, predict, produce, relate, show, select, choose, assess, operate, illustrate, verify, explicate, prove.

Verbs giving evidence of analysis

Recognise, distinguish between, evaluate, analyse, break down, differentiate, identify, illustrate how, infer, outline, point out, relate, select, separate, divide, compare, contrast, justify, resolve, examine, conclude, criticise, question, diagnose, categorise, elucidate.

Verbs giving evidence of synthesis

Arrange, assemble, organise, plan, prepare, design, formulate, construct, propose, present, explain, modify, reconstruct, relate, re-organise, revise, write, summarise, account for, report, alter, argue, order, select, manage, generalise, derive, synthesise, enlarge, suggest.

Verbs giving evidence of creativity

Plan, imagine, begin, design, invent, initiate, state, create, pattern, elaborate, develop, devise, generate, engender, make, produce.

Verbs giving evidence of evaluation

Judge, appraise, evaluate, assess, discriminate, conclude, compare, contrast, criticise, justify, defend, rate, determine, choose, value, question, rationalise.